Very much depends on the officer.
If it were true that vessels can operate only with red/green bow nav lights, and anchor/white running lights in the rear, cruise ships would have a hell-uv-a-time with the police.
It's not a rule of navigation that ONLY those lights be displayed. It is only a rule of nighttime navigation that they ARE displayed.
It is a rule that the required nav lights be visible from specific distances. And there are rules to the distance between the white stern or all-around light, and the fore red/green nav lights.
That I've seen (and I read this kind of stuff for fun because I'm just that uninteresting), there are no COLREGS or other inland marine federal regulations excluding vessels from displaying solid blue lighting as special-purpose lighting. Flashing blue is reserved for law enforcement...and even they have regulations on how they display their flashing blue.
This is important because your special-purpose lighting cannot interfere with the visibility of your nav lights.
With that said, officers can write tickets for anything they want, and you're recourse is to take it to court. A judge then decides. A ticket isn't a final word anywhere for anything. It's just a piece of paper saying that in the officer's opinion, using his/her best judgement, you were in violation of a law or regulation.