It looks to me like the four notches just behind the thrust washer on the bearing carrier (you can see them better in the ebay photo) are there to remove (unscrew) the bearing carrier. If you look at the other ebay photos, the carrier is threaded on the opposite end away from the notches. Everything on the bearing carrier is round, except for those four notches. So, my guess is there's a special service tool that fits those notches that allows you to unscrew the bearing carrier.
The thrust washer turns with the shaft and does not touch the bearing carrier at all. The thrust washer is wedged onto the shaft close to, but not touching, the bearing carrier due to the shaft having a taper right there (shaft gets a little wider and the thrust washer wedges onto it). You can see the taper in your photos. For that reason, I would say this would run fine, especially if you haven't had problems up to now. But...
BUT, what I would worry about is if you leave this as is, you may NEVER get the bearing carrier off. It's so far gone right now, that even with the service tool, it might be impossible to break it free. The notches are all so badly corroded, the threaded end could be in bad shape too. Someone with more experience could tell you if the threaded end would be clean (protected) from corrosion or not. I would try to replace it now, as it will only get harder to remove as time goes on and the corrosion continues.
But, if you can't break it free, I'd just put the prop back on and leave it alone. Just my 2 cents. Someone chime in if I'm wrong here, as I don't mean to give bad advice, I'm just saying what it looks like to me.
You could try to remove it first, and if successful, then spend the $200 on the new carrier. Otherwise you may be reselling a carrier on ebay if you can't remove the old one...
One additional thought, if the notches are too far gone, maybe there's a tool you could use to grab onto the three spokes (the ones just outside the 4 notches) and try to unscrew it that way.
One more thought, buying the special service tool would probably wipe out the savings in doing this yourself. As much as I like to justify buying tools with the money I saved doing something myself, I'd probably punt on this and have a shop do it.
One LAST thought, just below the threads is a channel that I would guess is for a rubber seal. O-ring kinda thing. So, the threaded end is probably protected from corrosion, and it may not be very hard to remove this, as long as there are enough notches left to grab onto.